Participe Présent

French ant ending becomes ing

Arrivant translates to arriving

When preceded by en, translate by or while [verb] ing

En finissant becomes by or while finishing

 Participe Passé

Endings:

er: é

ir: i

re: u

Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

As adjectives, follow rules of agreement (when direct object or its pronoun comes before the verb):

Feminine singular: add e

Masculine plural: add s

Feminine plural: add es

 Présent

Verb Type	3rd person singular ending	3rd person plural ending
er	e	ent
re	--	ent
ir	it	issent

• Current action, translate with ing - You are eating
• Habitual action, translate with es - You eat - but only in the presence of an indicator such as toujours or d'habitude
• You do eat

 Imparfait de l'indicatif

Ends in: ais, ait, ions, iez, aient

Translation rules:

Try was -- was regarding

Then try used to -- used to regard

Default to simple past -- regarded

 Passé Simple

 Futur

Stem + r + ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont

Translate as will

 Conditionnel

Stem + r + ais, ait, ions, iez, aient

Translate as would

 Subjunctive

Endings

To the third person plural form of the present tense, add:

e, es, e, ions, iez, ent

Implies doubt, possibility, will, wish, or emotion

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain: will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Imparfait du subjonctive

Sometimes signaled by an â, î, or û in the ending

Translate as simple past

 Réflexive

Translate se as a form of to be and the verb as a past participle

 Participe Présent

Ayant

 Present Participle

Having

 Participe, Passé

eu

 Past Participle

I, you, etc., had

 Présent

ai, as, a, avons, avez, ont

 Present

I, you, etc., have

 Imparfait de l'indicatif

avais, avais, avait, avions, aviez, avaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., had

 Passé Simple

eus, eus, eut, eûmes, eûtes, eurent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., had

 Futur

aurai, auras, aura, aurons, aurez, auront

 Future

I, you, etc., will have

 Conditionnel

aurais, aurais, aurait, aurions, auriez, auraient

%nbsp;Conditional

I, you, etc., would have

 Présent du subjonctif

aie, aies, ait, ayons, ayez, aient

 Subjunctive

Translate

Normally - as present tense

With time indicators< p>

Future like demain:

Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Imparfait du subjonctif

eusse, eusses, eût, eussions, eussiez, eussent

 Subjunctive imperfect

I, you, etc., had

 Impératif

aie, ayons, ayez

 Imperative

Have, let us have, have

 Participe, Passé

du

 Past Participle

 Présent

dois, dois, doit, devons, devez, doivent

 Present

I, you, etc., must

 Imparfait de l'indicatif

devais, devais, devait, devions, deviez, devaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., was supposed to

 /Passé Simple

dus, dus, dut, dûmes, dûtes, durent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., had to

 Futur

devrai, devras, devra, devrons, devrez, devront

 Future

I, you, etc., will have to

 Conditionnel

devrais, devrais, devrait, devrions, devriez, devraient

 Conditional

I, you, etc., should

 Présent du subjonctif

devienne, deviennes, devienne, devenions, deveniez, deviennent

 Subjunctive

Translate

Normally -- as present tense

With time indicators:

Future like demain: will do

Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Participe Présent

disant

 Present Participle

Saying

 Participe, Passé

dit(e)

 Past Participle

Said - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

dis, dis, dit, disons, dites, disent

 Present

I, you, etc., say

 Participe Présent

ètant

 Present Participle

Being, having

 Passé Composé

été

 Past participle

were - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont

 Present

I, you, etc., are

 Imparfait d'indicatif

ètais, ètais, ètait, ètions, ètiez, ètaient

 Imperfect

was

 Passé Simple

fus, fus, fut, fûmes, fûtes, furent

 Simple Past

 Futur

serai, seras, sera, serons, serez, seront

 Future

will be

 Conditionnel

serais, serais, serait, serions, seriez, seraient

%nbsp;Conditional

would be

 Présent du subjonctif

sois, sois, soit, soyons, soyez, soient

 Subjunctive

I, you, etc., am, will be, have, will have [ + past participle]

 Impératif

soyons, soyez, sois

 Imperative

be, let us be, be

Notes:

• As an auxiliary verb: translate with a one word verb when possible, otherwise use have. (Il est arrivé is better translated he arrived than he has arrived, but he is arrived is not correct).
• When used before a past participle that normally does not take être as its auxiliary, the participle is an adjective and être is translated normally.

 Participe Présent

Faisant

 Present Participle

 Doing, making

 Passé Composé

Fait

 Past Participle

Done, made - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

fais, fais, fait, faisons, faites, font

 Present

I, you, etc., do, make

 Imparfait d'indicatif

faisais, faisais, faisait, faisions, faisiez, faisaient

 Imperfect

Was doing, used to make, made

 Passé Simple

fis, fis, fit, fîmes, fîtes, firent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., did, made

 Futur

ferai, feras, fera, ferons, ferez, feront

 Future

I, you, etc., will do, make

 Conditionnel

ferais, ferais, ferait, ferions, feriez, feront

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would do, make

 Présent du subjonctif

fasse, fasses, fasse, fassions, fassiez, fassent

 Present Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense<
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain: will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Se faire

 Notes:

• When lifollowed by an infinitive: 1) Translate faire as "to cause." 2) Read the following noun structure. 3) Read the infinitive as "to be" plus the past participle.

 Participe, Passé

fallu

Past Participle

It was necessary

 Présent

Il faut

 Present

It is necessary

 Imparfait d'indicatif

il fallait

 Imperfect

It was necessary

 Futur

il faudra

 Future

It will be necessary

 Conditionnel

Il faudrait

 Conditional

It would be necessary

 Présent du subjonctif

qu'il faille

 Present subjunctive

It is necessary

 Présent

laisse, laisses, laisse, laissons, laissez, liassent

 Present

I, you, etc., let, allow, leave

 Notes :

• When it serves as an auxiliary verb and is followed by an infinitive, 1) read the subject, 2) then the verb (to allow), 3) then the next noun or pronoun, 4) then the dependent infinitive: Le soldat a laisse passer le fermier = The soldier allowed the farmer to pass.

 Participe Présent

Mettant

 Present Participle

Putting

 Participe Passé

mis

 Past Participle

Put - translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

mets, mets, met, mettons, mettez, mettent

 Present

I, you, etc., am putting

 Imparfait d'indicatif

mettais, mettais, mettait, mettions, mettiez, mettaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., was putting, used to put, put

 Passé Simple

mis, mis, mit, mîmes, mîtes, mirent

 Simple Past

I put

 Futur

mettrai, mettras, mettra, mettrons, mettrez, mettront

 Future

I, you, etc., will put

 Conditionnel

mettrais, mettrais, mettrait, mettrions, mettrez, mettront

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would put

 Participe Présent

partant

 Present Participle

Leaving

 Participe, Passé

parti(e)(s)

 Past Participle

I, you, etc., left

 Présent

pars, pars, part, partons, partez, partent

 Present

I, you, etc., leave

 Imparfait de l'indicatif

partais, partais, partait, partions, partiez, partaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., were leaving, used to leave, left

 Passé Simple

partis, partis, partit, partîmes, partîtes, partirent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., left

 Futur

partirai, partiras, partira, partirons, partirez, partiront

 Future

I, you, etc., will leave

 Conditionnel

partirais, partirais, partirait, partirions, partiriez, partiraient

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would leave

 Présent du subjonctif

parte, partes, parte, partions, partiez, partent

 Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  Future like
  • demain: will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Imparfait du subjonctif

partisse, partisses, partît, partissions, partissiez, partissent

 Subjunctive imperfect

I, you, etc., left

 Impératif

pars, partons, partez

 Imperative

Leave, let us leave, leave

 Participe Présent

pouvant

 Present Participle

Being able

 Participe Passé

pu

 Past Participle

Been able - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

peux or puis, peux, peut, pouvons, Pouvez, Peuvent

 Present

I, you, etc., can

 Imparfait d'indicatif

pouvais, pouvais, pouvait, pouvions, pouviez, pouvaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., could

 Passé Simple

pus, pus, put, pûmes, pûtes, purent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., was able

 Futur

pourrai, pourras, pourra, pourrons, pourrez, pourront

 Future

I, you, etc., will be able

 Conditionnel

pourrais, pourrais, pourrait, pourrions, pourriez, pourraient

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would be able to

 Subjonctif

puisse, puisses, puisse, puissions, puissiez, puissent

 Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain : will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Imparfait du subjonctif

Pusse, Pusses, Pût, Pussions, Pussiez, Pussent

 Subjunctive imperfect

 Reflexive:

He, she, it, may.

 Notes:

• When used as an auxiliary, translate as can when possible

 Participe Présent

prenant

 Present Participle

Taking

 Participe, Passé

pris

 Past Participle

Taken - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

prends, prends, prend, prenons, prenez, prennent

 Present

I, you, etc., take

 Imparfait de l'indicatif

prenais, prenais, prenait, prenions, preniez, prenaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., were taking, used to take, took

 Passé Simple

pris, pris, prit, prîmes, prîtes, prirent

 Simple Past

I,   you, etc., took

 Futur

prendrai, prendras, prendra, prendrons, prendrez, prendront

 Future

I, you, etc., will take

 Conditionnel

prendrais, prendrais, prendrait, prendrions, prendriez, prendraient

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would take

 Présent du subjonctif

prenne, prennes, prenne, prenions, preniez, prennent

 Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Participe Présent

sachant

 Present Participle

Knowing

 Participe Passé

su

 Past Participle

Known - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

sais, sais, sait, savons, savez, savent

 Present

I, you, etc., know

 Imparfait d'indicatif

savais, savais, savait, savions, saviez, savaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., were knowing, used to know, knew

Passé Simple

sus, sus, sut, sûmes, sûtes, surent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., knew

 Futur

saurai, sauras, saura, saurons, saurez, sauront

 Future

I, you, etc., will know

 Conditionnel

saurais, saurais, saurait, saurions, sauriez, sauraient

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would know

 Présent du subjonctif

sache, saches, sache, sachions, sachiez, sachent

 Present Subjunctive

 Présent du subjonctif

sache, saches, sache, sachions, sachiez, sachent

 Present Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain: will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Impératif

sache, sachons, sachez

 Imperative

know, let us know, know

 Notes :

• When followed by a noun, savoir means to know a fact
• When followed immediately by an infinitive it means to know how to -- translate as can
• Do not confuse with connaître -- to be acquainted
• Su + noun = found out: Il a su la vérité; = He found out the truth
• Su + infinitive = managed to: Il a su finir le travail = He managed to finish the work

 Présent

me sers de, te sers de, se sert de, nous servons de, vous servez de, se servent de

 Present

I, you, etc., are using

 Participe Présent

tenant

 Present Participle

Holding

 Participe, Passé

tenu

 Past Participle

Held - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

tiens, tiens, tient, tenons, tenez, tiennent

 Present

I, you, etc., hold

 Imparfait de l'indicatif

tenais, tenais, tenait, tenions, teniez, tenaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., were holding, used to hold, held

Passé Simple

tins, tins, tint, tînmes, tîntes, tinrent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., held

 Futur

tiendrai, tiendras, tiendra, tiendrons, tiendrez, tiendront

 Future

I, you, etc., will hold

 Présent du subjonctif

tienne, tiennes, tienne, tenions, teniez, tiennent

 Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
• Future like demain:   will do

Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Notes: Tenir à means to be anxious to

 Présent

vaux, vaux, vaut, valons, valez, valent

 Present

I, you, etc., deserve

 Futur

vaudrai, vaudras, vaudra, vaudrons, vaudrez, vaudront

 Future

I, you, etc., will deserve

 Participe Présent

venant

 Present Participle

Coming

 Participe, Passé

venu(e)(s)

 Past Participle

Come - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

viens, viens, vient, venons, venez, viennent

 Present

I, you, etc., come

 Imparfait de l'indicatif

venais, venais, venait, venions, veniez, venaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., were coming, used to come, came

 Passé Simple

vins, vins, vint, vînmes, vîntes, vinrent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., came

 Futur

viendrai, viendras, viendra, viendrons, viendrez, viendront

 Future

I, you, etc., will come

 Conditionnel

viendrais, viendrais, viendrait, viendrions, viendriez, viendraient

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would come

 Présent du subjonctif

vienne, viennes, vienne, venions, veniez, viennent

 Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain: will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Notes:

• Venir de plus an infinitive expresses the idea of just having done something. «Nous venons d'examiner ce cas» is translated "We have just examined the case."

 Participe Présent

voyant

 Present Participle

Seeing

 Participe, Passé

vu

 Past Participle

Seen -- Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

vois, vois, voit, voyons, voyez, voient

 Present

I, you, etc., see

 Passé Simple

vis, vis, vit, vîmes, vîtes, virent

 Simple Past

I, you, etc., saw

 Futur

verrai, verras, verra, verrons, verrez, verront

 Future

I, you, etc., will see

 Conditionnel

verrais, verrais, verrait, verrions, verriez, verraient

 Conditional

 Présent du subjonctif

voie, voies, voie, voyions, voyiez, voient

 Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain: will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do

 Participe Présent

voulant

 Present Participle

Wanting

 Participe, Passé

voulu

 Past Participle

Wanted - Translate: as simple past if avoir is in the present tense, otherwise conjugate avoir

 Présent

veux, veux, veut, voulons, voulez, veulent

 Present

I, you, etc., want

Imparfait d'indicatif

voulais, voulais, voulait, voulions, vouliez, voulaient

 Imperfect

I, you, etc., wanted

 Passé Simple

voulus, voulus, voulut, voulûmes, voulûtes, voulurent

 Simple Past

Wanted

 Futur

voudrai, voudras, voudra, voudrons, voudrez, voudront

 Future

I, you, etc., will want

 Conditionnel

voudrais, voudrais, voudrait, voudrions, voudriez, voudraient

 Conditional

I, you, etc., would like

 Présent du subjonctif

veuille, veuilles, veuille, voulions, vouliez, veuillent

 Subjunctive

Translate

• Normally - as present tense
• With time indicators
  • Future like demain: will do
  • Present like maintenant: is doing, to do