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पँचगुना

Five times

पं.

PN

Pundit (abbreviated title)

पंख

M

Wing, fin

पंखा

M

Fan

पंजाब

M

Punjab

पंजाबी

Panjabi

पंजाबी

M, F, Adj

A person from Punja; Punjabi

पंडित

PN

Pundit, scholar

पंद्रह

Fifteen

पंद्रहवाँ

Fifteenth

LT

Title of a narrative poem: Paumcharit (Charit = story, Pauma = pseudonym for Rama).

पकड़ना

T

To catch, hold, grasp

पकना

I

To be cooked, to ripen

पकाना

T

To prepare, cook, bake, ripen, done (in the cooking sense)

पक्ष

M

Aspect, side, wing, fortnight, party to a suit

See: पूर्व पक्ष और उत्तर पक्ष (a question and answer method of instruction like a catechism)

पचगुना

Five times as much/many

पचपन

Fifty-five

पचहत्तर

Seventy-five

पचहरा

Five fold

पचानवे

Ninety-five

पचास

Fifty

पचासी

Eighty-five

पच्चीस

Twenty-five

पजामा

Loose cotton trousers

पञ्वम

Fifth

पट्टी

F

Bandage

पड़ना

I

To fall, lie (down/around) (idly and/or uselessly)

To befall

In the future tense, can express requirement. E.g. पानी पड़ेगा = "water will be put in" or, "water will be needed" (3.28)

In compound verbal formations पड़ना is used to express sudden, abrupt, spontaneous, and possibly possibly unanticipated actions. In short, it is used to convey a sudden change of state or circumstances.

Infinitive + पड़ना expresses compulsion/obligation

Following a participle, indicates external compulsion

See:

• चल पड़ना (to start off spontaneously)
• टपक पड़ना (to arrive at some place unceremoniously or unexpectedly)
• सकना पड़ना (might become necessary)

For studies to be discontinued

पड़ोसी

M

Neighbor

पढ़ना

T

To read or study

• पड़ाई छूटना (for studies to be discontinued)
• पढ़ाई करना (to be engaged in studies)
• पढ़ाई छोड़ना (to give up studies)

पढ़वाना

C2

To have an agent teach someone

पढ़ाई

F

Study, education

To be engaged in studies

To give up studies

पढ़ाना

C1

To teach

पढ़ाना

T

To teach

पतंग

F

Kite

पतंगबाज़

M

Kite flyer

पतझड़

M

Fall

पतला

Thin

पता

M

Address, information, whereabouts

• अता-पता (whereabouts or address)
• पता चलना (to find something out)
• पता चलना होना कि (to come to one's knowledge that)

To find something out

See

• पता चलना होना कि (to come to one's knowledge that)

To come to one's knowledge that

पति

M

Husband

पति-पत्नी

Husband and wife

पत्थर

M

Stone

पत्नी

F

Wife

पत्र

M

Letter; paper; journal

पत्रिका

F

Magazine

पथ

Path; highway; road

पद

M

Foot; step; pace; footprint; trace; mark; position; word; rank; status; post, appointment; line; couplet; verse; object

See: सिद्ध पद (blessed state)

पद्धति

System; method; custom; process

पद्मराज

PN

Padmaraj (personal name)

पद्य

M

Verse, poetry

पन्नालाल

PN

Pannalal (personal name)

पपीता

M

Papaya

पर

?, Conj

But, yet; still

On, at, in

Added to an adjective, creates an adverb

For additional uses, see Kavita Kumar, 1994, Hindi for non-Hindi Speaking People, pages 244-247

See also

• आम तौर पर (usually, generally)
• आम पर (usually, generally)
• आशाओं पर पाना फेर दैना (to disappoint)
• कटे पर सिर्च लगाना (to put cut chilies on the cut skin -- implies adding misery to the already agonized)
• कहाँ पर (where?)
• काहे पर (upon what, whereupon)
• किराये पर देना (to rent to someone)
• किराये पर लेना (to rent from someone)
• किसी पर मरना (to be ready to die for someone out of love)
• के तौर पर (as, in the manner of)
• के दाएँ हाथ पर (on the right)
• के दाहिने हाथ पर (on the right)
• के बाएँ हाथ पर (on the left)
• के स्थान (में / पर) (instead of)
• खास तौर पर (specifically, especially)
• ख़ास पर (especially)
• घर पर (at home)
• चाहे... पर (regardless... nevertheless; no matter how... but)
• जले पर नमक छिड़कना (idiom: to sprinkle salt on the burnt - implies adding misery to the already agonized)
• जहाँ पर (where)
• दिन पर दिन (day by day)
• पर की (in)
• पर भी (in spite of)
• बजे (पर) (X बजे [ पर] =at X oçlock)
• बाएँ हाथ पर (on the left)
• मोटे तौर पर (generally, roughly speaking)
• यहाँ पर (here)
• वहाँ पर (there)
• विशेष तौर पर (especially)
• विशेष पर (especially)
• समय समय पर (occasionally)
• सिर पर होना (something unpleasant or difficult that lies ahead or needs to be finished)

In (4.246)

In spite of

परंपरा

M

Progeny, series, tradition, heritage

परक

Pertaining to

परदा

M

Curtain

परन्तु

Conj

But

परम

PN, ?, SM

(PN) Param

(?) heart, core, best part, darling

(SM) Can serve as a superlative marker

See:

• परम प्रकाश (supreme revelation)

Supreme revelation

परमानंद

PN

Paramannad (personal name)

परम्परा

F

Progeny, series, tradition, heritage

परसों

Day after tomorrow, day before yesterday

See: कल-परसों (tomorrow or the day after)

परावलम्बी

Dependence on others (?)

परि

F

Copy

परिक्षाम

SW

Sanskrit word: pariksham

परिचय

Introduction, acquaintance, familiarity

परिणाम

Result

See

• परिणाम र्वरूप (as a result)
• परिणाम स्वरूप (as a result)

As a result

As a result

परिपाटी

Convention, tradition, order, method, arrangement, arithmetic, motif

परिपृष्ठों

Circumstances

परिमाण

Quantity, volume, dose, proportion

परिमित

Limited, finite, measured, known, understood, proved

परिलक्षित

Reflected

परिवर्तन

Change, exchange, transformation, transmission, shift, conversion

परिवर्तित

Changed; varied; interchanged;

परिवार

M

Family

परिशीलन

Study, critical study, touch, contact

परिश्रम

M

Hard work

परिस्थिति

Circumstances, situation

परीक्षा

N

Examination

परेशान

Adj

Troubled, upset, harassed

परोक्ष

Ascetic, hermit, invisibility, absent, past tense, indirect, implicit, latent, secret, unseen

पर्याप्त

Adj, Adv

Enough, ample, plentiful

पर्वतीय

Adj

Mountainous

पल भर

Adv

For just a moment

पलंग

M

Bed

पश्चात् (पश चात्)

See के पश्चात् (पश चात्) (after)

पश्चिम (पशि चम)

M

The west

पसनद होना

To like, to be pleased

पसन्द

F

Liking

Direct construction often means choosing

पसन्द होना

I

To like -- literally, to be pleasing to

पहचानना

See की पहचानना : To realize the worth of something

पहनना

T

To wear, to put on

पहरा

M

A turn of watch/guard

पहरेदार

M

A security guard, watchman

पहरेदारी

F

The work of a watchman; guard/watch duty

पहला

First

पहलु

Side, aspect, facet, flank

पहले

At first, first of all, previously

• के पहले (before, earlier than, ahead of)
• पहले से (from the beginning, already)
• पहले से ही (already)
• पहले-हपल (first of all, for the first time)
• से पहले (before, earlier than, ahead of)

Adv

From the beginning; already

Adv

Already

Adv

First of all; for the first time

पहाड़

M

Mountain

पहाड़ी

F

Hill

पहुँचना

I

To arrive, to reach

पहुँचाना

T

To take, bring somewhere

पहुंच

F

Reach; access; arrival; receipt; admittance; sagacity; penetration

पहुंना

To reach, arrive, come, amount, befall

पहूँच

Arrival, reach, access, clasp

पाँच

Five

पाँचगुना

Five times as much/many

पाँचनाँ

Fifth

पाँचवाँ

Fifth

पांईय

PN

Paneeya (personal name)

पांडेय

PN

Pandya (personal name)

पांति

Row, line

पाकिस्तनी

Pakistani

पागल

Adj, M

Insane, crazy, a crazy person

पागलख़ाना

M

Insane asylum

पागलपन

M

Insanity

पाठ

M

Lesson, reading

पाठक

M

Reader, teaqcher, Brahman subcaste

पात्र

M

Character (lit., vessel) as in a persons character

पात्रानुकूल

Appropriate to character (Kumar)

पाना

T

To get, to obtain, to be able to

As an auxiliary: to manage to, to find it possible to, to get a chance to, to be able to

See: आशाओं पर पाना फेर देना (to disappoint)

पानी

M

Water

पार

Across, on the other side of

See के पार (across, on the other side of, beyond)

पार्टी

F

Party

पार्टी-वार्टी

Party or some other kind of gathering

पार्शव पुराण

LT

Parshava Purana (literary title)

पार्श्वनाथ (पार्श् वनाथ)

Parsvanath

पार्श्वानाथ (पार्श चानाय)

Parsvanath

पालन

Abiding by, rearing, breeding, observance, nourishing, fostering, tending, maintenance

पालिश-वालिश

Polish or something like it

पाव

One fourth

पाश्चमी (पाश चमी)

Adj

Western

पाश्चात्य (पाश चात्य)

Adj

Western

पास

Adv

Near, nearby

See के पास (near, in the vicinity of, toward, can indicate possession)

पिगुना

Three times

पिछला

Adj

Last, previous

पिछले महीने

Adv

Last month

पिछले साल

Adv

Last year

पिछले हफ़्ते

Adv

Last week

पिटना

I

To be beaten

पिटवाना

C

To have an agent beat

पिता

M

Father

पियूष

Milk, nectar -- expresses nurturing qualities of a mother

पिलवाना

To have an agent give someone something to drink

पिलाना

To give someone something to drink

पिशक

SW

Sanskrit word: pishak

पिसना

I

To be ground

पीक

F

Juice of a chewed pan

पीकदान

M

Spittoon

पीछे

Behind, at the rear, in back, afterwards

• कर हो रहना (not to rest until)
• के पीछे (behind, in the back of)
• पीछे रहना जाना होना (to lag behind)
• पीछे से (from behind)
• से पीछे (behind)

To lag behind

Adv

From behind

पीटना

T

To beat

पीट-पाट कर

Having beaten thoroughly

पीठिका

Background

पीड़ित

Adj, PP

Suffering (from), afflicted (by), distressed

पीढ़ी

F

Generation

पीना

T

To drink

पीला

Yellow

पीव्र

Intense, sharp, keen witted

पीसना

T

To grind

पुछवाना

C

To have an agent ask

पुत्र

M

Son

पुनः

Adv, Prfx

(Adv) Again, once more, anew

(Prfx) re-

See: पुनः पुनः (frequently)

पुनः पुनः

Adv

Frequently

पुनर्निर्माण

M

Reconstruction, rebuilding

पुनर्मिलन

M

Reunion

पुनर्विवाह

M

Remarriage

पुन्यविजय

PN

Punyavijay (personal name), a Jain acharya

पुम

You, familiar

पुराण

Adj, M

(Adj) of the past, ancient; old

(M) an ancient work dealing with Indian history, legend, and theology

• भागवत पुराण (Bhagvat Purana)
• महापुराण (Mahapurana -- Great Purana (literary title) by Acharya Jinsen (770-850 A.D.)
• पार्शव पुराण (Parshava Purana (literary title))
• हरिवंश पुराण (Harivansh Purana (literary title) by Acharya Jinsen)

पुरातन

Ancient, old, age old, archaic

पुराना

Adj

Old (used of things)

पुरुष

M

Man

• पुरुष-रत्नों (luminary)

पुरुषत्व

M

Manliness

Gem like person, luminary (Informant)

पुरोगाभी

Predecessor

पुरोहित

PN

Purohit (personal name)

पुष्ट

Robust

पुस्तक

Book, volume

पुस्तकालय

M

Library

पूछना

T

To ask

पूजा

F

Puja, worship

पूरक

Complementary; supplementary; filler; supplement

पूरा

All, complete, whole, entire; full; gross; total thorough; adequate; exact, perfect, ripe

पूर्ण

Adj, Suffix

(Adj) Entire, complete, full

(Suff): Creates an adjective from a noun and denotes full

Completely, fully

पूर्णतः

Entirely, completely

पूर्णतया

Completele, fully

पूर्णपः

Completely, fully

पूर्व

Previous

• पूर्व पक्ष और उत्तर पक्ष (a question and answer method of instruction like a chatechism)

Purv paksha: a question and answer method of instruction like a catechism

पूर्वक

Creates an adverb from a noun or adjective

पेंसिल-वेंसिल

Pencil or something else with which to write

पेट भर

All that the stomach can hold

पेट भरना

To have enough to eat

पेड़

M

Tree or shrub

पैंतालीस

Forty-five

पैंतीस

Thirty-five

पैदम होना

I

To be born

पैदल

Adv

On foot

I

To walk

पैदा

Born, created, produced, grown, earned, income, gain, production

See:

• पैदा होना (to be born)

पैदा होना

I

To be born

पैन

MF

Pen

पैर

M

Foot

पैसा

M

Money

पैसा भरना

To make a necessary, possibly unpleasant, payment

पोषण

Fostering, rearing, cherishing, nourishment, nutrition, protection, support

पौंड

M

Pound

पौन

Three quarters

पौना

Three quarters

पौने

N-1/4

पौराणिक

Mythological

प्यार

M

Love

प्याला

M

Cup

प्यास लगना

IF

To feel thirsty

प्रकार

M

Type, manner, way, method

See

• इसी प्रकार (In this way)
• जिस प्रकार का... उस प्रकार का (of which kind... of that kind)
• जिस प्रकार से... उस प्रकार से (in which manner... in that manner)
• जैसे... उसी प्रकार (just as... in that way)

प्रकाश

M

Light

See

• परम प्रकाश (supreme revelation)
• प्रकाश डालना हुय (while throwing light)

प्रकाश डालना हुय

Id

While throwing light

प्रकाशन

Publication

प्रकाशित

Brought to light, published

प्रकृति

Nature, property, quality, nature or matter, passive or material cause of the world, goddess

प्रचार

Spread

प्रचारक

PN

Pracharak (personal name)

प्रजा

Subjects, public, populace

To salute

प्रणाली

System, method

प्रति

See के प्रति (towards, with respect to, regarding)

प्रतिकूल

See के प्रतिकूल (against, counter to, contrary to)

प्रतिघात

Counter-attack

See:

• घात-प्रतिघात (attack and counter-attack)

प्रतिदिन

Adv

Daily

प्रतिनिधित्व

Representation

प्रतिपादन

M

Affirming, representing (as a case); expounding, establishing, proving; giving, delivering; causing

प्रतिपादित

Set forth, interpreted, expounded, enunciated

प्रतिफलित

Reflected

प्रतिबिम्ब

Reflection, image

प्रतिभा

Genius, brilliance, understanding, intellect, sharpness, light, splendor

प्रतीक्षा

F

Waiting

प्रतीत

Seeming, apparent

प्रत्यक्ष

Obvious, apparent, direct, felt, seen

प्रत्यक्षतः

Adv

Apparently

प्रत्येक

Every

प्रदर्शक

Performer, exhibitor, demonstrator, teacher, expounder, prophet

प्रदान

M

Giving, granting, giving in marriage, gift

प्रधान

M

Chief, principle; consisting predominantly of; leader; principal thing

प्रधान मंत्री

M/F

Prime Minister

प्रधानता

Importance, prominence

प्रबंध

Management, organization, thesis, composition, narrative

प्रबनध

Descriptive

प्रबन्ध

Management, organization, thesis, composition, narrative

प्रभाव

M

Influence, effect, impression

प्रभावान्विति

Unity of impact or impression, pointedness of influence or impression

प्रभावित

Impressed, influenced

प्रभु

M

Lord, master, ruler

प्रभुत्व

M

Lordship, sovereignty

प्रमाण

Testimony, proof, evidence, cause, mogtive, verification, instance, example, authority

प्रमुख

Chief

प्रयत्न

M

Effort, attempt

प्रयास

M

Effort, endeavor, attempt; trouble, labor; desire

प्रयुक्त

Joined, yoked , used, compact

प्रयोग

Occasion; cause; motive; object; result; device; example; comparison; act; experiment; use; application; exercise

प्रयोजन

Purpose, intention

प्रवाह

M

Flow; sequence; course; current; disposal of ashes

प्रवाहपूर्ण

Fluent

प्रवृत्ति

Inclination, tendency, trend

प्रश्न (प्रश् न)

M

Question, query, interrogation, interpolation, problem

प्रसंग

M

Context; occasion; sexual intercourse;  association; mention; insertion

See :

• चण्डकौशिक-प्रसंग (title of a myth: Chandakaushak-Prasang)

प्रसंगानुकूल

Appropriate to context

प्रसाद

Prasad (personal name)

प्रसार

Extension, expansion, dispersion

प्रसिद्ध

Ornamented, embellished, famous

प्रस्तुत

Adj

Praised, introduced, proposed, mentioned, present, prepared

प्राकृतिक

Natural, nature-made, physical, unsophisticated, refined

See:

• प्राकृतिक वर्णन (description of nature)

Description of nature

प्राचीन

Adj

Eastern; Ancient, old; primeval; long-standing, immemorial

प्राचीनतम

Earliest

प्राचीनता

Antiquity

प्राण

M

Breath; life

• प्राण-शक्ति (life force)

प्राण-शक्ति

Life force

प्राणी

M, Adj

(M) Living being, animal

(Adj) Animate

See: प्राणी मात्र (living being)

प्राणी मात्र

Living being, animal

प्राणीमात्र

Non-human living beings

प्रान्त

Place, border

प्राप्त

Obtained, received, found

प्राप्ति

?, ?

(?) Receipt; acquisition; income; profit; advantage; obtaining success; one of the 8 siddhis सिद्धि which imparts the power to obtain every desired object.

(?) Also the present tense of a verb meaning to obtain (Informant)

प्रायः

Adv

Often, generally, usually; approximately

प्रारंभ

M

Beginning

See

• प्रारंभ से (from the beginning, first of all)
• प्रारंभ होना... (origin or advent of...)

प्रारंभ से

From the beginning, first of all

प्रारंभ होना...

Origin or advent of...

प्रारंभिक

Preliminary, elementary, original, initial

प्रासंगिक

Innate, inherent, relevant, contingent, incidental, contextaul

प्रिय

Adj

Dear

प्रियतम

Adj

Dearest

प्रियतर

Adj

Dearer

प्रियता

Lovability, beloved, being fond of

प्रियदर्शिनी

PN

Priyadarshinra (personal name)

प्रेम

PN, ?, Adj

(PN) Prem (personal name)

(?) Love, affection, kindliness, happiness

(Adj), Agreeable, valued, liked, observant of rules, attractive

प्रेमचंद

PN

Premchand (Personal name)

प्रेमचन्द

PN

Premchand

प्रेमनारायण

PN

Premanarayan (personal name)

प्रेमपूर्वक

Lovingly

प्रेमसगर

PN

Premasagara (personal name)

प्रेमिका

F

Beloved

प्रेमी

M, PN

(M) Lover

(PN) Premi (personal name)

प्रेरक

Incentive; inspirer; motive; prompter

प्रेरणा

F

Urging; incitement; stimulus; encouragement; inspiration

प्रेरणामूलक

Inspirational

प्रेरणामूलक

Adj

Inspirational (Kumar)

प्रेरित

Inspired/motivated

प्रो.

Professor (abbreviated title)

प्लव

SW

Sanskrit word: plav