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Devanagri / Qwerty Key Map
Devanagri pronunciation
Table of Hindi affixes
Hindi vocabulary
अ,
आ,
इ,
उ,
ऊ,
ऋ,
ए,
ऐ,
ओ,
औ,
क,
ख,
ग,
घ,
ङ,
च,
छ,
ज,
झ,
ट,
ठ,
ड,
ढ,
त,
थ,
द,
ध,
न,
प,
फ,
ब,
भ,
म,
य,
र,
ल,
व,
श,
ष,
स,
ह
Legend
Fiction
Genealogy
Photos
Legend
|
Adj
|
Adjective
|
|
Adv
|
Adverb
|
|
Bold
|
When an English rendering is more common than others for a Hindi word,
I have bolded the more common rendering.
|
C
|
Causitive Verb
|
Conj
|
Conjunct
|
|
F
|
Feminine Noun
|
|
I
|
Intransitive Verb
|
Id
|
Idiom
|
|
LT
|
Literary Title
|
|
M
|
Masculine Noun
|
|
MF
|
Masculine/Feminine Noun
|
|
PN
|
Personal Name
|
|
PP
|
Past Participle
|
|
Pr
|
Pronoun
|
|
Pref
|
Prefix
|
|
Sfx
|
Suffix
|
|
SW
|
Sanskrit Word
|
|
T
|
Transitive Verb
|
|
Hindi Vocabulary
Jump to the
the beginning of this vocabulary,
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the bottom of this page,
or to a letter of the alphabet:
अ,
आ,
इ,
उ,
ऊ,
ऋ,
ए,
ऐ,
ओ,
औ,
क,
ख,
ग,
घ,
ङ,
च,
छ,
ज,
झ,
ट,
ठ,
ड,
ढ,
त,
थ,
द,
ध,
न,
प,
फ,
ब,
भ,
म,
य,
र,
ल,
व,
श,
ष,
स,
ह
क
|
Hindi
|
Flag
|
English
|
|
कंजूस
|
Adj
|
Miserly
|
|
कई बार
|
Adv
|
Several times
|
|
कटना
|
I
|
To be cut
See:
कटे पर
सिर्च लगाना
(to put chiles on the cut skin: to add misery to the already agonized)
|
|
कटवाना
|
C
|
To cause to be cut
|
|
कटाना
|
C
|
To have an agent cut someone or something
|
|
कटे
पर सिर्च
लगाना
|
Id
|
To put cut chilies on the cut skin -- implies adding misery
to the already agonized
|
|
कठिन
|
|
Difficult, arduous, tough, stiff, hard, severe,
obscure, painful, troublesome, acute, solid, unkind
|
|
कठिनाई
|
F
|
Difficulty
|
|
कठिनाई से
|
|
With difficulty
|
|
कथा
|
F
|
Something said, story, myth, legend,
narrative, report, news, rumour"
See:
-
कथा
साहित्य
(sometimes narrative literature and sometimes mythic
literature)
-
कथावस्तु
(content of a story or drama)
|
|
कथा
साहित्य
|
|
When opposed to words or phrases referring to poems,
plays, etc., the phrase should translated
"narrative literature." However, when opposed to words or
phrases referring to stories, biographies, etc., the phrase should
be translated "mythic literature".
|
|
कथानक
|
|
Story plot
|
|
कथावस्तु
|
|
The content of a story or drama
|
|
कथोपकथन
|
|
Dialog, conversation, narration
|
|
कदम
टिकना
|
|
To stay put ; to be dependable, stable
|
|
कपड़ा
|
M
|
Cloth, garment
Plural =
कपड़ें
|
|
कब
|
Adv
|
When, at what time
See:
|
|
कब
कब
|
Adv
|
Seldom
|
|
कब का
|
Adv
|
For a long time
|
|
कब की
|
Adv
|
For a long time
|
|
कब के
|
Adv
|
For a long time
|
|
कबूतर
|
M
|
Pigeon
|
|
कभी
|
Adv
|
Sometime, at any time, at one time. In a question,
ever. In a negative sentence: never
See:
|
|
कभी कभार
|
Adv
|
Hardly ever
|
|
कभी कभी
|
Adv
|
Sometimes, now and then, occasionally
|
|
कभी तो
|
|
Sometimes
|
|
कभी
न कभी
|
Adv
|
Sometime or other
|
|
कभी नहीं
|
Adv
|
Never
|
|
कभी भी
|
Adv
|
Anytime at all
|
|
कभी... कभी...
|
Adv
|
Sometimes..., sometimes...
|
|
कभी-खबार
|
Adv
|
Rarely, less often
|
|
कम
|
Adv
|
Little, few; less; too little; seldom
|
|
कम
करना
|
|
To lessen
|
|
कम से कम
|
Adv
|
At the least
|
|
कम होना
|
|
To become less
|
|
कमज़ोर
|
Adj
|
Weak
|
|
कमज़ोरी
|
F
|
Weakness
|
|
कमज़ोरी
|
F
|
Weakness
|
|
कमन्थ
|
SW
|
Sanskrit word: kamanth
|
|
कमरा
|
M
|
Room
|
|
कमल
|
M
|
Lotus
|
|
कमाई
|
F
|
Earning
|
|
कमाना
|
T
|
To earn
|
|
कमाल
|
|
Wonderful, miraculous, amazing
|
|
कमाल
का
|
Id
|
Of great excellence
|
|
कमीज़
|
F
|
Shirt
|
|
कयों
रे
|
|
Hey listen
|
|
कया
|
|
What
|
|
कर
|
Conj
|
The stem of
करना:
(Conj): कर serves as a conjunct indicating a sequence of
actions: "while doing."
(Adv): Verbs ending in कर can be used as adverbs (see
Kumar, 232)
|
|
कर ही माना
|
|
Not to be satisfied until:
वह खाकर
ही माना = He wasnt satisfied until
he ate it.
|
|
कर
हो रहना
|
|
Not to rest until, as in:
मैं भी
ढूँढ कर ही
रहा = I didnt rest until I found it
|
|
करके
|
|
करना
+
के
To do, make plus conjoining suffix.
|
|
करना
|
T
|
To do, to make: With a perfect participle, connotes
regularity of action e.g. आया
करते थे = he used to come
regularly
See:
|
|
करने
|
|
oblique plural of
करना
:
Doing or to do, making or to make
See
|
|
करने
का इरादा
करना
|
|
Planning to do (Kumar, 1994, 83)
|
|
करने
की सोचना
|
|
Planning to do (Kumar, 1994, 83)
|
|
करवाना
|
C
|
To have an agent do
|
|
कराना
|
C
|
To have an agent do
|
|
क़रीब
|
Adv
|
Near, close by; nearly approximately
See:
के क़रीब
(near, close to)
|
|
क़रीब-
क़रीब
|
Adv
|
Nearly, about, approximately, almost
|
|
करुणा
|
|
Compassion, pity
|
|
करोड़
|
|
10,000,000
|
|
करोड़पति
|
M
|
Possessor of a crore of rupees.
|
|
कर्ज़
|
M
|
Debt, loan
|
|
कर्ज़
उतारना
|
|
To be rid of a debt
|
|
कर्ज़
खाना
|
|
To be obligated
|
|
कर्ज़
चुकाना
|
|
To pay off a debt
|
|
कर्ज़
देना
|
|
To lend
|
|
कर्ज़
लेना
|
|
To borrow
|
|
कर्त्तव्य
|
M
|
Duty
|
|
कर्म
|
M
|
Karma, deed, action
See also:
कर्म
काण्डों
(activities)
|
|
कर्म
काण्डों
|
|
Activities
|
|
कर्मवाद
|
|
Karmic doctrine
|
|
कर्मों
|
|
Karmas
|
|
कल
|
M, Adv
|
Tomorrow, yesterday
See:
कल-परसों
(tomorrow or the day after)
|
|
कल-परसों
|
|
Tomorrow or the day after
|
|
क़लम
|
M,F
|
Pen
|
|
क़लमदान
|
M
|
Penholder
|
|
कला
|
F
|
Art, phase of moon, degree, membrane, minute
|
|
कलात्मक
|
|
Artistic
|
|
कलापक्ष
|
|
Aesthetic
|
|
कल्पना
|
F
|
Forming, Imagination, something imagined,
conjecture, fancy
|
|
कल्याण
|
|
Welfare
|
|
कवि
|
M, PN
|
(M) Poet
Kavi
|
|
कविता
|
F
|
Poem, poetry
|
|
कवित्व
|
M
|
Poetic quality or insight
|
|
कविया
|
|
Poet
|
|
कषाय
|
|
Astringent, fragrant, red
|
|
कष्ट
|
|
Suffering, pain, agony, hardship, distress, penury,
affliction, difficulty, labor, toil, exercise
|
|
कसरत
|
F
|
Exercise
|
|
कसरत करना
|
I
|
To exercise
|
|
कसीदाकारी
|
F
|
Embroidery
|
|
कसौटी
|
F
|
Touchstone, test, proof, assay, proof, criterion
|
|
कहना
|
T
|
To say, to state
See:
का क्या
(कहना)
(X का क्या
(कहना) = not to speak of X)
|
|
कहा
|
T,M
|
(T) Masculine singular past perfect of
कहना:
Called
(?) What, which
(M) Something said, a remark
See:
|
|
कहा
गया है
|
|
It has been said/called
|
|
कहा
जायेगा
|
|
It will be said
|
|
कहाँ
|
Adv
|
Where
See:
|
|
कहाँ कहाँ
|
Adv
|
Where specifically
|
|
कहाँ पर
|
Adv
|
Where?
|
|
कहाँ... कहाँ
|
Adv
|
कहाँ
X...
कहाँ
Y expresses a difference so large that comparison is impossible
|
|
कहानी
|
F
|
Story
|
|
कही
|
|
Feminine singular perfect of
कहना
said, stated
|
|
कही
जायेगी
|
|
It will be said
|
|
कहीं
|
Adv
|
Somewhere, anywhere, some/any place, nowhere,
perhaps
At the beginning of a sentence, denotes
contradiction
Can express surprise
Sometimes occurs in rhetorical statements
where it means "ever" or at all
Sometimes it means "should it happen that...,"
"somehow/by chance...," "rather/considerably"
See also
|
|
कहीं
और
|
Adv
|
Somewhere else
|
|
कहीं
कहीं
|
Adv
|
In some places, here and there
|
|
कहीं
का
|
Adv
|
X
कहीं
का = "An X of some sort"
|
|
कहीं
न कहीं
|
Adv
|
Somewhere or other
|
|
कहीं
नहीं
|
Adv
|
Nowhere
|
|
कहीं
भी
|
Adv
|
Anywhere at all
|
|
कहीं...
कहीं...
|
Adv
|
Somewhere..., somewhere...
|
|
कहीं ... न
|
Adv, conj
|
Lest, let it not be the case that
|
|
कहीं-कहीं
तो
|
|
In some places
|
|
का
|
PP
|
Possessive postposition (MS)
Expresses
-
Kinship relations
-
Legal ownership
-
Possession of body parts
-
Ingredients
-
Purpose (e.g. लयी
घड़ी सोने
के कमरे
में रखो =
"keep the new watch in the bedroom."
-
Events which follow a regular pattern (e.g.
हम सोमवार
के सोमवार
मंदिर
जाते हैं =
"we go to temple every Monday.")
-
Since long (e.g. कब का =
"for a long time")
-
The entirety of something (e.g. गाँव
का गाँव = "the whole
village")
-
Measure (e.g. दस हाथ
का बाँस = "a
ten-hand long bamboo stick")
-
Price (e.g. दस रुपये
के आम = "mangoes for ten rupees")
-
An unchanged situation (e.g.
ज़्यों
का त्यों =
"as it is")
Can be used to relate parts of speech
|
|
का
अपेक्षा
|
|
Rather than
|
|
का
अर्थ
|
|
Equivalent (?)
|
|
का
इरादा है कि...
|
|
X
का
इरादा है कि...
It is the intention of X that
|
|
का
कर्त्तव्य
होना कि...
|
|
X
का
कर्त्तव्य
होना कि... = It is X's duty to...
|
|
का
क्या
(कहना)
|
|
X का क्या
(कहना) = not to speak of X
|
|
का
ख़याल है कि...
|
|
X
का
ख़याल है कि... X
thinks that...
|
|
का
दिल... में
लगना
|
|
X
का
दिल Y
में लगना = for X's heart to
be attached to Y
|
|
का
फ़र्ज़ होना
कि...
|
|
X
का
फ़र्ज़ होना
कि... = It is X's duty to...
|
|
का
मल... में लगना
|
|
X
का
मल Y
में लगना = for X's heart to
be attached to Y
|
|
का
विचार है कि...
|
|
X
का
विचार है कि... X
thinks that
|
|
का
शौक होना
|
Id
|
का
शौक होना = to be fond of, to
have a craving for
|
|
का शौक होना कि...
होना जाना होना
|
Id
|
To have become
|
|
काँना
|
I
|
To tremble, shiver
|
|
काँफ़ी
|
F
|
Coffee
|
|
काक़ायदा
|
Adj, Adv
|
Regular, orderly; according to the rule, by the rule
|
|
कागाज़
|
M
|
Piece of paper
|
|
काचना
|
T
|
To cut
|
|
काटना
|
T
|
To cut
|
|
काठ
|
M
|
Piece of wood
|
|
काति
|
PN
|
Katee (personal name)
|
|
कानूनी
|
Adj
|
Legal
|
|
काफी
|
|
Enough, sufficient
|
|
काफ़ी
|
Adj, Adv
|
White
Enough, sufficient, quite
|
|
काफ़ी
हद तक
|
Adv
|
To a great extent
|
|
क़ाबिल
|
A
|
Capable, worthy
|
|
काम
|
M
|
Work
See:
|
|
काम
करना
|
T
|
To work
|
|
काम
चलाना
|
|
To make things work somehow
|
|
काम
हो लेना
|
Id
|
For work to be completed
|
|
काम...
चलना
|
|
To be adequate
|
|
काम-काज
|
|
Work, business, and other tasks
|
|
कामता
|
|
Kamta (personal name)
|
|
कामताप्रसाद
|
PN
|
Kamalapramad (personal name)
|
|
कामदेव
|
|
Kamadev: God of love, Hindu cupid
|
|
कामदेव -
सुरेन्द्र -
सवाद
|
LT
|
Title of a myth: Kamadev-Surendra-Savad
-- Kamadev-Surendra celebration
(Kamadev = god of love, Surendra = Indra = king of gods)
See:
-
कामदेव
(Kamadev - God of love)
-
सुरेन्द्र
(Surendra - Indra - King of the gods)
-
सवाद
(celebration)
|
|
क़ायदा
|
M
|
Rule, regulation, custom
|
|
कार
|
M
|
Work, occupation
|
|
कारख़ाना
|
M
|
Workshop, factory
|
|
कारण
|
M
|
Cause, purpose, principle
See
के
कारण
(because of, on account of, in order to)
|
|
कार्य
|
M
|
Action, act; activity; work, task, duty;
function, role; occupation; business, matter, agenda...
|
|
काल
|
M
|
Time
See:
काल-खण्ड
(time period)
|
|
कालखण्ड
|
|
Time period
|
|
काल-खण्ड
|
|
Time fragment, time period
|
|
काला
|
|
Black
|
|
कालेज
|
M
|
College
|
|
काल्पनिक
|
|
Imaginary; fictitous; utopian
|
|
काव्य
|
|
Poetry
See:
काव्यों
(poems)
|
|
काव्यों
|
|
Poems, poetry
|
|
काश
(कि)...
|
Conj
|
If only...; Oh that...! I wish that...!
Would that...! Had God
willed that...!
|
|
कासलीवाल
|
PN
|
Kasaleeval (personal name)
|
|
काहे
|
|
Why
See:
|
|
काहे
का (के, की)
|
|
Of what
|
|
काहे
को
|
|
Why
|
|
काहे
पर
|
|
Upon what, whereupon
|
|
काहे
में
|
|
Wherein, in what
|
|
काहे
लिए
|
|
Why
|
|
काहे
से
|
|
With what, how
|
|
कि
|
Conj
|
That, or, when
Introduces a subordinate clause as an object
of a main verb.
See:
|
|
कि ओर
|
|
In the direction of, towards
|
|
कितना ही
|
|
Expresses indefiniteness: however much
|
|
कि तरह
|
|
Like, as, in the manner of
|
|
किंतु
|
Conj
|
But
|
|
कितना
|
|
How much, how many
See:
-
कितना
ही
(expresses indefiniteness: however much)
|
|
कितना अच्छा होना
कि...
|
|
How nice it would be if...
|
|
कितनी
|
|
How much, how many
|
|
कितने
|
|
How much, how many
See:
|
|
कितने
एक
|
|
Many, several
|
|
कितने
में
|
|
For how much
|
|
कितने
ही
|
|
Many, several
|
|
किताब
|
F
|
Book (Plural =
किताबें)
|
|
किधर
|
Adv
|
In which direction, where, which way
|
|
किधर
भी
|
|
In whichever direction
|
|
किन
|
|
Oblique plural of
कौन
who and
कया
what
|
|
किनका
|
|
Masculine plural of
कौन
and
क्या
+
का
:
whose
|
|
किनकिन
|
|
Who, declined like
किन
|
|
किनकी
|
|
Feminine plural of
कौन
and
क्या
+
का
:
whose
|
|
किनके
|
|
Oblique plural of
कौन
+
के
: of whom
|
|
किनके
|
|
Masculine plural of
कौन
+
क्या
+
के
: whose
|
|
किनको
|
|
Plural of
कौन
+
को
:
to whom
|
|
किनको
|
|
Oblique plural of
कौन
+
क्या
+
को
:
to what
|
|
किनहें
|
|
Plural of
कौन
+
क्या
+
को
: to whom/what
|
|
किनारा
|
M
|
Beach
|
|
किन्तु
|
Conj
|
But
|
|
किन्ही
|
PP
|
Any
|
|
किन्हीं
|
|
Oblique of
कुछ
: Some, something, anything, nothing, somewhat
|
|
किन्होंने
|
|
Oblique plural of
कौन
+
क्या
+
ने
: From, by, since, with, than whom
|
|
किया
|
|
1st and 3rd person singular perfect
of
करना
: I made, he made, I did, he did
|
|
किया
जाय
|
|
Postposition qualifier referring pack to a subject,
object, etc. -- translate that, them,
it, etc.
|
|
किराया
देना
|
|
To pay the rent, to pay the fare
|
|
किराये
पर देना
|
|
To rent out to someone
|
|
किराये
पर लेना
|
|
To rent from someone
|
|
किशोर
|
PN
|
Kishora (personal name)
|
|
किस
|
|
Oblique of
कौन
(who) and
कया
(what): to which
See also:
|
|
किस
किस
|
|
To which specific
|
|
किस
तरफ़
|
|
In which direction
|
|
किसका
|
|
Possessive of
कौन
+
क्या
+
का
, singular subject, masculine singular object : whose, of what
|
|
किसकी
|
|
Possessive of
कौन
+
क्या
+
की
, singular subject, feminine singular object: whose, of what
|
|
किसके
|
|
Possesive of
कौन
+
क्या
+
के
, singular subject, masculine plural object : whose, of what
|
|
किसको
|
|
Singular of
कौन
+
क्या
+
को
: to whom, to what
|
|
किसने
|
|
Singular of
कौन
+
क्या
+
ने
: who, what
|
|
किसलिये
|
Adv
|
Why, for what reason
|
|
किससे
|
|
singular of
कौन
+
क्या
+
से
: From, by, since, with, than whom, what
|
|
किसान
|
M
|
Farmer
|
|
किसी
|
|
Oblique of
कोई
, someone, anyone, no one, any
|
|
किसी
तरह
|
Adv
|
Somehow
See:
किसी
तरह
का
((of) some kind)
|
|
किसी
तरह का
|
|
(of) some kind
|
|
किसी
न किसी
|
|
Someone or other, alternatively: many and various
|
|
किसी
पर मरना
|
Id
|
To be ready to die for someone out of love
|
|
किसे
|
|
कौन
+
क्या
+
को
: to whom/what
|
|
क़िस्मत
|
F
|
Fate, destiny, luck
|
|
की
|
|
-
Possessive postposition (F)
-
Qualifier referring back to a subject, object, etc.
-- translate that, them, it, etc
-
Participle of
करना
|
|
की
आँख लगना
|
|
X
की
आँख
लगना
= for X to fall asleep.
|
|
की इच्छा
होना कि
|
|
X
की
इच्छा
होना
कि
= It is X's wish that
|
|
की ओर
|
PP
|
Towards, in the direction of
|
|
की
ख़ातिर
|
PP
|
For the sake of; out of consideration for
|
|
की
जगह
|
PP
|
In place of; instead of
|
|
की
तरफ़
|
PP
|
In the direction of, towards
|
|
की तरफ़ से
|
PP
|
On behalf of
|
|
की तरह
|
PP
|
As, like, in the manner of: used only to state a
similarity in the manner of action
|
|
की
तुलना में
|
PP
|
In comparison with
|
|
की दायीं ओर
|
PP
|
To the right of, to the right side of
|
|
की दायीं तरफ़
|
PP
|
To the right of, to the right side of
|
|
की धुन में
होना
|
Id
|
X
की
धुन
में
होना
= to be preoccupied with X, to pursue X singlemindedly
|
|
की
नौकरी लगना
|
|
X
की
नौकरी
लगना
= For X to be employed
|
|
की
पहचानना
|
|
To realize the worth of something
|
|
की बग़ल में
|
PP
|
By the side of; adjoining
|
|
की बजाय
|
PP
|
Instead of, in the place of
|
|
की भाँति
|
PP
|
Like, in the manner of
|
|
की भांति
|
PP
|
Like, in the manner of
|
|
की मारफ़त
|
PP
|
Through, by the means of; "care of" in postal addresses
|
|
की
वजह से
|
PP
|
Because of, on account of, for the reason that
|
|
कीड़ा
|
M
|
Worm, insect
|
|
क़ीमती
|
|
Costly
|
|
कीलाम
|
SW
|
Sanskrit word: kelam
|
|
कुँवारा
|
Adj
|
Unmarried
|
|
कुँवारापन
|
M
|
Bachelorhood
|
|
कुंतल
|
PN
|
Kuntul (personal name)
|
|
कुकर्म
|
M
|
Evil deed, bad action
|
|
कुच
नहीं
|
|
Nothing
|
|
कुचाल
|
F
|
Bad move, bad ways, misconduct
|
|
कुछ
|
Adv
|
Some, something, any, anything, nothing, somewhat
See
|
|
कुछ
औऱ
|
|
Something more, some more.
|
|
कुछ
का
कुछ
|
|
Used to express changes in state as in:
वह कुछ
का कुछ बन गया
= He made great progress
|
|
कुछ
कुछ
|
Adv
|
Somewhat
|
|
कुछ
न कुछ
|
|
Something or other, some X or other
|
|
कुछ
नहीं
|
|
Nothing
|
|
कुछ
भी
|
|
Anything
|
|
कुछ
भी
नहीं
|
|
Nothing at all, no X at all
|
|
कुछ
हद तक
|
Adv
|
To some extent
|
|
कुछ ... न
|
|
Lest ... some
|
|
कुटुम्बकम्
|
|
Family
See:
|
|
कुत्ता
|
M
|
Dog
|
|
कुपात्र
|
M
|
Unworthy person, bad character, villain
|
|
कुपुत्र
|
M
|
Bad son
|
|
कुमार
|
PN
|
Kumar (personal name)
|
|
कुमारी
|
F
|
Miss
|
|
कुरसी
|
F
|
Chair
|
|
कुरूप
|
M, Adj
|
Ugly, ill formed; an ugly person
|
|
कुरूपा
|
Adj
|
Ugly
|
|
कुर्ता
|
M
|
Indian suit top
|
|
कुल
|
Adv
|
Total
|
|
कुल
मिलाकर
|
Adv
|
In all
|
|
कूदना
|
I
|
To jump
|
|
कृपया
|
|
Kindly, please
|
|
कृपरटयोनि
|
SW
|
Sanskrit word: kripetayoni
|
|
कृपा
करके
|
|
Kindly
|
|
कृष्णकान्त
|
PN
|
Krushnakant (personal name)
|
|
के
|
PP
|
Possessive postposition (MP)
Sometimes used to indicate a second subject in
a participial construction (Jain, 2, 95).
|
|
के अंदर
|
PP
|
In, inside, within
|
|
के
अतिरिक्त
|
PP
|
In addition to; apart from
|
|
के
अनन्तर
|
PP
|
Between
|
|
के अनुकूल
|
PP
|
In accordance (with); favorable to
|
|
के
अनुरूप
|
PP
|
Corresponding to
|
|
के अनुसार
|
PP
|
According to, in conformity with, in accordance with
|
|
के
अन्तर्गत
|
PP
|
Included in
|
|
के
अन्दर
|
PP
|
In, inside, within
|
|
के
अपेक्षा
|
PP
|
In comparison with
|
|
के
अलावा
|
PP
|
In addition to, apart from, besides
|
|
के आगे
|
PP
|
Ahead of
|
|
के
आसपास
|
PP
|
Near, around, in the vicinity of
|
|
के उपरान्त
|
PP
|
After
|
|
के
ऊपर
|
PP
|
Above, on, on top of, upon, over
|
|
के क़रीब
|
PP
|
Near, close to
|
|
के
कारण
|
PP
|
Because of, on account of, in order to, for the reason
that
|
|
के ख़िलाफ़
|
PP
|
Against, opposed to
|
|
के
ज़रिये (से)
|
PP
|
By, by means of, through the agency of
|
|
के जैसा
|
PP
|
Like, similar to
|
|
के
तौर पर
|
PP
|
As, in the manner of
|
|
के दाएँ हाथ पर
|
PP
|
On the right of, on the right side of
|
|
के
दाहिने हाथ
पर
|
PP
|
On the right of, on the right side of
|
|
के
दौरान
|
PP
|
During, in the course of
|
|
के
द्दारा (के द्
दारा)
|
PP
|
By, by means of; through; by the agency of
|
|
के
द्वारा
|
PP
|
By means of, by them
|
|
के नज़दीक
|
PP
|
Close to, near
|
|
के निकट
|
PP
|
Close to, near
|
|
के नीचे
|
PP
|
Under, beneath, below
|
|
के
पश्चात् (पश
चात्)
|
PP
|
Àfter
|
|
के
पहले
|
PP
|
Before; earlier than; ahead of
|
|
के पार
|
PP
|
Across, on the other side of, beyond
|
|
के पास
|
PP
|
Near, close to, by, in the vicinity of
Can indicate:
-
possession of tangible, movable,
and material objects: owned by
-
movement toward a person
|
|
के पीछे
|
PP
|
Behind, in the back of
|
|
के प्रति
|
PP
|
Towards, with respect to, regarding
See:
|
|
के प्रतिकूल
|
PP
|
Against, counter to, contrary to
|
|
के बगैर
|
|
Without
|
|
के बग़ैर
|
PP
|
Without
|
|
के बजाय
|
PP
|
Instead of, in the place of
|
|
के बदले
|
PP
|
Instead of
|
|
के बदले में
|
PP
|
In return for, in exchange for
|
|
के बराबर
|
PP
|
Equal to, on the same level as
|
|
के बहाने (से)
|
PP
|
On the pretext of, with a pretense of
|
|
के बाएँ हाथ पर
|
PP
|
On the left of, on the left side of
|
|
के बाद
|
PP
|
After
|
|
के
बायीं ओर
|
PP
|
To the left of, to the left side of
|
|
के
बायीं तहफ़
|
PP
|
To the left of,. To the left side of
|
|
के बारे में
|
PP
|
About, pertinent to, relating to
|
|
के बावजूद
|
PP
|
In spite of, despite
|
|
के बाहर
|
PP
|
Outside of
|
|
के बिना
|
PP
|
Without
|
|
के बीच (में)
|
PP
|
In the middle of; between, among; during
|
|
के भीतर
|
PP
|
Inside, within
|
|
के मारे
|
PP
|
Because of, on account of, as a result of
|
|
के मुँह सुनना
|
Id
|
X
के
मुँह सुनना = to
hear directly from X's mouth
|
|
के मुताबिक़
|
PP
|
According to, in accordance with
|
|
के
यहाँ
|
PP
|
At the place or home of (someone)
|
|
के
योग्य
|
PP
|
Worthy of, fit for, capable of
|
|
के
रूप में
|
PP
|
In the shape of, in shape
|
|
के
लायक
|
PP
|
Worthy of, fit for, capable of
|
|
के लिए
|
PP
|
For, on account of, in order to
See also:
|
|
के
लिए
आवश्यक
होना
कि
|
|
X
के
लिए
आवश्यक
होना
कि = it is necessary for X to...
|
|
के
लिए
उचित...
|
|
X
के
लिए उचित... = it would have
been appropriate for X...
|
|
के
लिए
जरूरी
था कि
|
|
X
के
लिए
जरूरी
था कि
= it would have been appropriate for X...
|
|
के
लिए
जरूरी
होना कि
|
|
X
के
लिए जरूरी
होना कि =
it is necessary for X to...
|
|
के
लिए
मुनासिब
होना
कि
|
|
X
के
लिए
जरूरी
होना
कि
= it is necessary for X to...
|
|
के
लिये
|
PP
|
For, on account of, in order to
See also:
|
|
के वास्ते
|
PP
|
For, for the sake of, in order to
|
|
के विपरीत
|
PP
|
Contrary to
|
|
के विरुद्ध
|
PP
|
Against, opposed to
|
|
के विषय में
|
PP
|
About, in relation to
|
|
के संग
|
PP
|
With, together with, along with
|
|
के संबंध में
|
PP
|
In connection with, with regard to, concerning
|
|
के समरप
|
PP
|
Near
|
|
के समान
|
PP
|
Similar to, like, equal to
|
|
के सम्बन्ध में
|
PP
|
In connection with, with regard to, concerning
|
|
के सहारे
|
PP
|
With the help of, with the support of
|
|
के साथ
|
PP
|
Together with, with, along with
|
|
के
साथ साथ
|
PP
|
Along with, alongside
|
|
के
सामने
|
PP
|
In front of
|
|
के सिलसीले में
|
PP
|
In connection with
|
|
के
सिवा
|
PP
|
Except (for), apart from
|
|
के सिवाय
|
PP
|
Except (for), apart from
|
|
के स्थान (में / पर)
|
PP
|
Instead of, in place of
|
|
के
हाथों
|
PP
|
By the hands of
|
|
के
हेतु
|
PP
|
For the sake of, because of
|
|
के
होना
|
PP
|
To consist of
(I could not find this in a glossary, but the sentence on page 148
of Modern Hindi-Jain Literature appears to use the term in this
manner).
|
|
के...
द्वारा
|
PP
|
By means of, by them
|
|
केन्द्रित
|
|
Concentrated
|
|
केला
|
M
|
Banana
|
|
केवल
|
Adv
|
Merely, only; generally; solely
|
|
केसरीनारायण
|
PN
|
Kesreenarayan (personal name)
|
|
कै
|
|
How many, how much
|
|
कैम्पस
|
M
|
Campus
|
|
कैलाश
|
PN
|
Kalash (personal name)
|
|
कैलाशचन्द्र
|
PN
|
Kalashachandra (personal name)
|
|
कैसा
|
Adv
|
How; like what; what kind of?
See
कैसा
ही
(expresses indefiniteness: however much)
|
|
कैसा
ही
|
|
Expresses indefiniteness: however much
|
|
कैसे
|
Adv
|
How, in what way
|
|
को
|
|
To, at
-
Can indicate compulsion
-
Can indicate object of sentence
-
Sometimes emphasizes or particularize an inanimate object
(Jain 1, 98)
-
Required when a specific person is the object
of a sentence (Jain 1, 98)
-
Indirect object +
को
+ subject + adjective indicates compulsion
-
When the verb does not agree with the gender
and number of the subject or object, the object is followed by
को (Kumar, 234)
-
When the adjective is used as a noun-object,
it is followed by
को
(Kumar,234)
-
को
is used when asking someone to do something (e.g.
राम ने
सीता
पढ़ने
को कहा = Ram asked Sita to study)
(Kumar, 235)
For more uses, see Kumar, 233-237. Also, see:
|
|
को
चाहिये
कि...
|
|
X
को
चाहिये कि = It is
expected of X that...
|
|
को
चाहिये
होना
कि...
|
|
X
को
चाहिये होना
कि = X should have...
|
|
को
छोड़कर
|
PP
|
X
को छोड़कर
: apart from X, besides X, with the exception of X
|
|
को...
की आदत लगना
|
|
X को Y की आदत
लगना = for X to get habituated to Y
|
|
कोई
|
|
Some, any, someone, anyone, approximately, no
one
See:
-
और
कोई
(someone, something else, anyone else, anything else)
-
कोई
एक
(some people, such and such)
-
कोई
और
(someone, something else, anyone else, anything else)
-
कोई
कोई
(some people)
-
कोई X
कोई
(approximately X)
-
कोई
न
कोई
(someone or other, something or other)
-
कोई
भी
(anyone, anyone of them)
-
कोई
भी
नहीं
(no one/nothing at all)
-
कोई... न
(lest... some)
-
कोई
सा
(anyone, anyone of these)
-
कोई
सी
(anyone, anyone of these)
-
जो
कोई
(whosoever)
-
हर
कोई
(everybody)
|
|
कोई
एक
|
|
Some one:
-
कोई
एक
- Some people, such and such
-
कोई X
एक
- Approximately X -- e.g.
कोई
दस
एक
= approximately ten
|
|
कोई
एक
|
|
Some people, such and such
|
|
कोई
और
|
|
Someone, something else, anyone else, anything else,
|
|
कोई
कोई
|
|
Some people
See also:
कोई
X
कोई
(approximately X)
|
|
कोई X
कोई
|
|
Approximately X
|
|
कोई
न कोई
|
|
Someone or other, some X or other
|
|
कोई
भी
|
|
Anyone, anyone of them
|
|
कोई
भी
नहीं
|
|
No one at all, nothing at all
|
|
कोई
सा
|
|
Anyone, anyone of these
|
|
कोई
सी
|
|
Anyone, anyone of these
|
|
कोई ... न
|
|
Lest... some
|
|
कोटि
|
|
Grade, order, rank
|
|
कोना
|
M
|
Corner
|
|
कोलबुक
|
|
Colebrook (personal name)
|
|
कोलबुक
|
|
Colbrook (persons name)
|
|
कोश-भाषा
|
|
Dictionary language
|
|
कोशिश
|
F
|
Attempt
|
|
कोहरा
|
M
|
Fog
|
|
कौन
|
|
Who
See also:
|
|
कौन
कौन
|
|
Who specifically
|
|
कौन
कौन-सा
|
|
Which specifically
|
|
कौन
कौन-सी
|
|
Which specifically
|
|
कौन
कौन-से
|
|
Which specifically
|
|
कौन
जाने
|
|
Who knows/no one knows
|
|
कौन-सा
|
|
Which
|
|
कौन-सी
|
|
Which
|
|
कौन-से
|
|
Which
|
|
कौशल
|
|
Skill, dexterity, adroitness
|
|
क्या
|
|
What
-
क्या
can be used to begin a sentence when the question can be
answered with a yes or no
-
As an exclamation, really? What!
-
Sometimes appears as an idiom to express the
uniqueness of something, as:
इसकी
चाल न
देखी तो
क्या देखा
or "you havent seen anything until youve seen its gait"
See also
|
|
क्या
कम
है
|
|
X
क्या
कम है expresses dismay, surprise, or
approbation
|
|
क्या
कहने
हैं
उनके
|
|
What can be said... an expression of general approbation
sometimes used sarcastically
|
|
क्या
कहा
|
|
What did you say!
|
|
क्या
कहें
|
|
What can I/anyone say?
|
|
क्या
का क्या
|
|
Expresses a complete change in state.
|
|
क्या
क्या
|
|
What specifically
|
|
क्या
बतायें
|
|
What can I/anyone say?
|
|
क्या
मात है
|
|
How wonderful!
|
|
क्या
से क्या
|
|
Expresses a complete change in state.
|
|
क्या...
क्या
|
|
Whether ... or
|
|
क्यास
|
PN
|
Kyas (personal name)
|
|
क्यों
|
Adv
|
Why
|
|
क्यों
कर
|
Adv
|
Why, for what reason; how (could it be)
|
|
क्यों
नहीं
|
Adv
|
Of course, yes
|
|
क्योंकि
|
|
Because, sometimes because of this
|
|
क्योंकि
|
Conj
|
Because, since
.
Beginning a sentence,
क्योंकि
can (sometimes? always?) be translated "This is because"
|
|
क्रम
|
|
Order, system, method, rank, sequence
|
|
क्रमवार
|
|
Sequential (Informant)
|
|
क्रमशः
|
|
Gradually
|
|
क्रांति
|
F
|
Revolution; progress; course (of the sun)
|
|
क्रान्ति
|
F
|
Revolution; progress; course (of the sun)
|
|
क्रिया
|
F
|
Deed, action; function; a religious ceremony;
funeral rite; pious act; duty; oath; verb; labor, business, work;
literary work
|
|
क्रियावादी
|
M
|
Performance
|
|
क्रोध
|
M
|
Anger
|
|
क्रोधी
|
Adj
|
Angry
|
|
क्लास
|
MF
|
Class
|
|
क्लिष्ट
|
|
Afflicted, distressed, wearied, incomprehensible,
farfetched, difficult
|
|
क्लेमेंटे
|
PN
|
Clement (personal name)
|
|
क्लेमेन्ट
|
|
Clement (personal name)
|
|
क्षण
भर
|
Adv
|
For an instant
|
|
क्षण
भर में
|
Adv
|
In a moment
|
|
क्षमता
|
|
Efficiency, competence, capacity, power
See:
|
क्षमता
रखना होना
|
|
To keep capacity
|
|
क्षमा
माँगना
|
|
To apologize, to beg for forgiveness
|
|
क्षु.
|
PN
|
Miss (abbreviated title)
|
|
क्षेत्र
|
|
Field, area, zone, scope, range
|
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